A hash table is a data structure that stores key-value pairs. It provides efficient insertion, deletion, and retrieval of elements by using a technique called hashing. Hashing involves mapping keys to indexes in an array, known as a hash table, based on a hash function.

Operators

• Insertion: The key is hashed to determine the index where the key-value pair should be stored. If there’s a collision, the appropriate collision resolution strategy is applied to find an empty slot.
• Retrieval: To retrieve a value associated with a key, the hash function is applied to the key to find the corresponding index. If collisions are handled by chaining, a search within the linked list at that index is performed. In open addressing, the probing sequence is followed to locate the key-value pair.
• Deletion: Similar to retrieval, the key is hashed to find its index, and then the corresponding item is removed. If chaining is used, the linked list is updated accordingly. In open addressing, the item is marked as deleted, but the slot may not be immediately cleared due to potential impact on probing sequences.